Row biopsy in hairy cell leukemia HCL ; patients. Histological and immunohistological analysis of 46 cases treated with different therapies. Leuk Lymphoma 1994; 14: S67-71. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Non parametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Stat Assoc 1958; 53: 457-81. Lauria F, Bocchia M, Marotta G, Raspadori D, Zinzani PL, Rondelli D. Weekly administration of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in patients with hairy cell leukemia is effective and reduces infectious complications. Haematologica 1999; 84: 225. Kreitman RJ, Wilson WH, Bergeron K, Raggio M, Stetler-Stevenson M, FitzGerald DJ, et al. Efficacy of the anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin BL22 in chemotherapy-resistant hairy-cell leukemia. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 2417. Barton RP. Remission of follicular nonHodgkin's lymphoma with denileukin diftitox ONTAK ; after progression during rituximab, CHOP and fludarabine therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2003; 44: 7313.
Purine nucleoside analogs such as fludarabine and cladribine are often prescribed
Darabinebased combination regimens: age 60 years, at least 3 previous therapies, previous fludarabine exposure, time from diagnosis to current treatment 3 years, performance status 2 and baseline neutrophils 2.0 x 109 L. Compared with patients with 0-2 risk factors, patients with at least 3 risk factors had higher infection rate 26% vs 7% per cycle, p 0.0001 ; , more grade 4 neutropenia 41% vs 8% per cycle, p .0.0001 ; , and more neutropenic sepsis % vs 1% per cycle, p 0.0001 ; . Moreover there was a significant correlation between risk of infection and quality of disease response to therapy: 5% of infections for complete responders, 15% for partial responders and 35% for nonresponders p 0.0003.
Our hypothesis is that immunobead enrichment followed RT-PCR increases the detection rate of PSMA mRNA in the blood of prostatic cancer patients. PSMA is a prostatic tissue specific marker highly expressed in metastatic tumors. We therefore compared the detection of a novel three step immunobead RT-PCR assay for PSMA mRNA with non-immunobead RTPCR. The three step immunobead PSMA RT-PCR was able to detect one PC cell per one milliliter of Peripheral Blood PB ; . Twenty-six duplicate samples of PB from twenty-four Prostatic Carcinoma PC ; patients with metastatic progressive disease were analyzed for the comparative study. One set of PB samples were incubated with magnetic beads coated with Ber-EP4 antibody directed against the Human Epithelial Antigen, a membrane antigen widely expressed in epithelial cells. The enriched magnetic fraction of epithelial cells was then used for the isolation of mRNA using oligo dT ; magnetic beads. Total RNA from the other set of PB samples was isolated using RNAzol. Nested RT-PCR for PSMA was performed on the mRNA-oligo dT ; complex and the total RNA isolated using RNAzol. The identify of the RT-PCR products was confirmed by Southern Blotting. The three-step immunobead PSMA RT-PCR was able to detect a higher number of cases 11 24; 46% ; than in non-enriched samples 6 24; 25% ; . All the samples were positive for the presence of actin mRNA by RT-PCR confirming the presence of amplifiable RNA. It is our conclusion that the three-step immunobead PSMA RT-PCR can detect PC cells with higher sensitivity than non-immunobead RT-PCR. This novel PSMA RT-PCR assay may help better stratify patients with PC.
Fludarabine storage
Conventional allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation HCT ; for patients with hematologic malignancies involves conditioning with myeloablative doses of chemotherapeutic drugs with or without total body irradiation TBI ; . The regimen-related toxicities of myeloablative conditioning have limited this therapeutic approach by excluding older patients and those with underlying organ dysfunction from receiving allografts. Liver injury, a common and potentially fatal complication after myeloablative conditioning therapy, is caused by many different processes: toxic injury to hepatic sinusoids ie, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome [SOS], also known as venoocclusive disease [VOD] cholestasis related to septicemia cholangitis lenta graft-versus-host disease GVHD ; or drug injury; and hepatocellular necrosis caused by infection, ischemia, or drug injury.1 SOS is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperbilirubinemia, tender hepatomegaly, and sudden weight gain caused by fluid accumulation. This syndrome develops in 5% to 60% of patients after HCT and ranges in severity from mild, reversible disease to progressive liver injury associated with multiorgan failure. In some reported series, the case fatality rate is as high as 28%, with established severe SOS having a mortality rate of higher than 90% by day 100 after HCT.2-6 SOS is the dose-limiting toxicity for myeloablative conditioning regimens.2 The transplantrelated morbidity and mortality associated with myeloablative conditioning has provided the impetus to develop less intensive conditioning regimens. A variety of regimens ranging from reducedintensity to minimally myelosuppressive regimens has been reported.7-10 The preparative regimens used for the patients in the current study are minimally myelosuppressive and based on preclinical canine studies using 2 Gy TBI given on day 0, 11 with or without preceding fludarabine Flu ; , followed by HCT from either related or unrelated donors. Our objectives were to 1 ; determine the frequency and severity of liver injury in patients receiving these nonmyeloablative regimens, 2 ; determine the outcome of patients with serious liver dysfunction after transplantation, and 3 ; identify whether pretransplantation variables or the composition of the conditioning regimen influenced the development of liver injury.
The approval of fludarabine for use in CLL of the new relationship with the FDA. Accepting no effective new drugs. The first is fludarabine, ring moiety to improve which was rapidly initially proliferating uses developed tumors. ring which has added solubility. a deoxyribose Fig. 3 ; . likely to be It has well-known as an agent a fluorine The sugar atom of is other to alkylating bine in 1991 the Southwest attached to the purine sugar affixed and a phosphate to the sugar treatment agents, for CLL the FDA in patients approved who the licensing and flumist.
Fludarabine treatment
Table 203: Annual Sales Analysis By Segments: 2004-2005 In billion ; IV-225 280. Reno de Medici SpA Italy ; IV-227 Table 204: Half Yearly Sales Analysis: 2004-2005 H1 ; In million ; IV-227 Table 205: Annual Sales Analysis: 2003-2004 In million ; IV-227 Table 206: Annual Sales Analysis by Segment: 2003-2004 In million ; IV-228 Table 207: Annual Sales Analysis by Geographic Region: 2003-2004 In million ; IV-228 281. Rheinische Kunststoffwerke GmbH Germany ; IV-228 282. Riani Srl Italy ; IV-229 283. Robert Lidbeck & Co., AB Sweden ; IV-229 284. Rock-Tenn Company USA ; IV-230 Table 208: Nine Months Sales Analysis: 2004-2005 Nine Months Ended, September ; In US$ millions ; IV-232 Table 209: Quarterly Sales Analysis: 2003-2004 In US$ millions ; IV-232 Table 210: Annual Sales Analysis: 2003-2004 In US$ millions ; IV-232 285. Rollo Cart Snc di Paolo Rollo & C. ; Italy ; IV-234 286. Rondo AG Switzerland ; IV-235 287. S + S Folien-Vertriebs-GmbH Germany ; IV-236 288. Sacchificio Veneto SpA Italy ; IV-236 289. Safepak South Africa ; IV-237 290. Sociedad Anonima Industrias Celulosa Aragonesa SAICA ; Spain ; IV-237 Saica France France ; IV-238 291. Sam Hwa Dang Jung Pan Co., Ltd. Korea ; IV-239 292. San Maiguel Corporation Philippines ; IV-240 293. SaniCart Snc Italy ; IV-246 294. Sappi Limited South Africa ; IV-247 Table 211: Half Yearly Sales Analysis: 2004-2005 H1 ; In US$ million ; IV-248 Table 212: Annual Sales Analysis: 2003-2004 In US$ million ; IV-248 Table 213: Annual Sales Analysis by Business Segment: 2003-2004 In US$ million ; IV-248 Table 214: Annual Sales analysis by Geographical Region: 2003-2004 In US$ million ; IV-249 Sappi Alfeld AG Germany ; IV-250 295. Sarl Eveno France ; IV-252 296. Sarl Panisello France ; IV-252 297. Sask-Emballage AB Sweden ; IV-253 298. Scatolificio Tirreno Srl Italy ; IV-254 299. Schades Sweden AB Sweden ; IV-254 300. Schdfer GmbH & Co., KG. Germany ; IV-254 301. Schertler Verpackungen GmbH Germany ; IV-255 302. Schowalter GmbH Verpackungen Germany ; IV-255 303. Scott & Baldwin Ltd. UK ; IV-255 304. Semoulin Packaging SA Belgium ; IV-256 305. Shandong Bohui Paper Industrial Co., Ltd. China ; IV-256.
2000 FOLLOW-UP REPORTS MREC Studies: continued ; MREC 98 101 - MRC CLL 4 Trial - A randomised comparison of Chlorambucil, Fludarabine and Fludarabine plus Cyclophosphamide Dr. D. Gozzard, Glan Clwyd Hospital This study is ongoing with no problems reported. No results have yet been presented or published. MREC 97 0 28 - CMLV - An MRC prospective randomised study to compare low dose interferon alpha n 1 Wellferon ; + - Ara-C against high dose interferon alpha n 1 Wellferon ; + - Ara - C in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia Dr. D. Gozzard, Glan Clwyd Hospital This study is ongoing with no problems reported. A Preliminary analysis has been presented at the MRC Annual Review Meeting but nothing has been published. MREC 98 5 27: Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers - J. Gray, Cambridge This study is ongoing with no problems reported. Results have been presented to the Cancer Genetics Group Meeting in London but nothing has yet been published. MREC 99 3 39 Women's Cohort Study - Phase 1 Haemochromatosis Sub-study - Version 23.6.00 - J. Cade, Leeds This study is ongoing with problems experienced regarding the analysis of DNA. No results have been presented or published. MREC 1 ; 97 34: Adjuvant tamoxifen treatment, offer more? aTTom ; - Dr. J. Bishop, Glan Clwyd Hospital This project is ongoing with no problems reported. No results have been presented or published. MREC 99 3 1: CR08 FOCUS Trial: A randomised trial to assess the role of Irinotecan and Oxilaplatin in advanced colorectal cancer - Dr. S. Gollins, Glan Clwyd Hospital This project is ongoing with no problems reported. No results have been presented or published. MREC 98 7 51 - UKCCCR study of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer Dr. S. Gollins, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Glan Clwyd Hospital This project is ongoing with no problems reported. No results have been presented or published. MREC 0 3 2 Extension of the Yorkshire Family Heart Study - Dr. A. Hall, Professor of Clinical Cardiology, Leeds This study is ongoing with no problems reported. No results have been presented or published. MREC 0 3 12 Genetic Risk of Acute Coronary Events GRACE ; study - Dr. A. Hall, Professor of Clinical Cardiology, Leeds This study is ongoing with no problems reported. No results have been presented or published and fluoride.
Fludarabine dosage
Druginfoonline fludarabine phosphate further reading on fludarabine phosphate what drug s ; may interact with fludarabine.
No significant correlation was found between sex and ZAP-70 positivity. However, there was a trend of association between female sex and low Rai stage 51 of 87, P .07 ; . With regard to the clinical course, we found significant associations between higher ZAP-70 and intermediate high modified Rai stage P .001; Table 1 ; or the presence of multiple 3 or more ; intrathoracic abdominal lymphadenopathies 3 cm in diameter ; and or splenomegaly P .001; Table 1 ; or 2-microglobulin serum levels higher than 2.2 mg mL P .001; Table 1 ; . Similarly, higher CD38 and sCD23 levels were significantly correlated with intermediate high modified Rai stages, multiple intrathoracic abdominal lymphadenopathies, and or splenomegaly or higher than 2.2 mg mL 2-microglobulin data not shown ; . Lymphocyte doubling time LDT ; of less than 12 months was observed in 27 patients: 19 70% ; of 27 showed higher ZAP-70 expression P .001 ; . Moreover, although 80 77% ; of 104 of the ZAP-70 patients had received chemotherapy at the time of analysis, only 64 34.6% ; of 185 ZAP-70 patients had been treated for B-CLL P .001 ; . Ninety-three patients 87 cases classified as low or intermediate Rai stage ; underwent 6 monthly courses of fludarabine monophosphate at 25 mg m2 for 5 days as first-line chemotherapy, achieving a and fluphenazine.
Growth 1999 2000 2001 company brand generic class $m ; $m ; $m ; % ; bms taxol paclitaxel other cytotoxics 1, 481 1, -2 8 aventis taxotere docctaxel other cytotoxics 461 686 925 lilly gemzar gemcitabine antimetabolite 453 559 723 bms paraplatin carboplatin other cytotoxics 600 690 702 pharmacia camptosar irinorccan other cytotoxics 293 441 613 0 taiho uft tegafur antimetabolite 460 440 420e - 5 uracil pharmacia pharmorubicin cpirubein cytotoxic 206 199 261 ellence antibiotics ivax paxene paclitaxel other cytotoxics n a 35 215 51 roche furtulon doxifluridine antimetabolite 166 201 0 aventis campro irinotecan other cytotoxics 83 139 186 sanofi eloxatine oxilaplatin other cytotoxics 72 130 181 sp temodar temozolomide alkylating agents 36 121 180 roche xeloda capecitabine antimetabolite 53 89 155 0 gsk hycarntin topotecan other cytotoxics 141 144 131 - 0 44 growth 1999 2000 2001 company brand generic class $m ; $m ; $m ; % ; schering ag fludara fludarabine antimetabolite 79 102 120 bms ifex ifosfamide alkylating agents 88 108 120e alza us doxil caelyx liposomal cytotoxic 66 82 100 0 doxorubicin antibiotics pierre fabre navelbine vinorelbine vae 76 82 90e wyeth novantrone mitoxantrone cytotoxic 45 60 71 antibiotics bms vcpesid ctoposide vae 77 70 65e - 1 gsk navelbine vinorelbine vae 67 65 63e - 1 pharmacia adriamycin doxorubicin cytotoxic 65 62 55e -1 3 antibiotics bms hydrea hydroxyurea alkylating agents 56 52 48e - 7 others 1, 824 1, 0 total 6, 948 7, source: reuters, 2002 another of bioenvision's lead drugs, modrenal r ; is approved in the uk for the treatment of post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer.
Fludarabine gvhd
Portfolio of targeted products derived from diverse technologies campath alemtuzumab ; is significantly improving treatment for patients with b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia b-cll ; who have been treated with alkylating agents and have failed fludarabine therapy and flurazepam.
Alkalies and this is best obtained by administering not the acids themselves but their salts. The salts of the ordinary fruit acids are useful whenever it is desired to increase the alkalinity of the blood and diminish the acidity of the urine. "Important investigations indicate, however, that it is scarcely feasible to produce any marked effect on the alkalinity of the blood in this manner. If the physician believes, as many do, that the alkalinity of the blood is an important factor in the recovery from conditions like gout and rheumatism, the administration of the salts of the fruit or vegetable acids is very appropriate, if large quantities of tartrates are avoided
Apoptotic cells were observed in the testicular cross sections of p53 ; cryptorchid mice Fig. 4, A and B ; . In addition, the number of pycnotic nuclei in p53 ; cryptorchid testis increased 7-fold compared with the p53 ; testis in normal conditions [97 pycnotic nuclei in 192 tubular cross sections of p53 ; cryptorchid testis, 13 pycnotic nuclei in 175 tubular cross sections of p53 ; testis in normal conditions]. These results suggest that different apoptotic pathways are involved in heat-induced germ cell apoptosis; apoptosis during the spermatogonia and spermatocyte stages is p53-dependent, whereas apoptosis during spermiogenesis is p53-independent and flurbiprofen.
Overall and complete response rates for fludarabine monotherapy were 77% and 15% respectively.
1. The federal government purchase vaccines and antivirals at least for uninsured individuals and children eligible for the Vaccines for Children VFC ; program. 2. Congress and HHS establish an emergency Medicaid designation for uninsured individuals during an influenza pandemic that would require states to provide medical assistance to these individuals under state Medicaid plans, but increase the federal medical assistance percentage FMAP ; for providing edical assistance to these individuals. 3. Public health officials follow the steps recommended by the HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan to improve surge capacity during a pandemic in the areas of staffing, bed supply, consumable and durable goods and continuation of essential medical services. 4. Populations in need of medical care not related to pandemic influenza, ranging from women in labor and delivery to individuals with severe heart conditions, be able to access such care in facilities separate from those treating individuals infected with pandemic influenza. 5. Congress provide sufficient resources to state and local governments and health departments, hospitals and laboratories to prepare for influenza epidemics and pandemic. Resources should be targeted to areas most in need of assistance as determined by public health experts and fluvastatin.
Fludarabine drug interactions
Tinued in two patients due to toxicity, in one of them consisting of a prolonged CD4-lymphocytopenia below 100 |il after four cycles criteria for discontinuation according to protocol ; , and in the second patient because of the development of congestive heart failure with an ejection fraction of 20% after two cycles of fludarabine and epirubicin, which is equivalent to a cumulative dose of 100 mg m 2 epirubicin. No initial ultrasound cardiogram was done. In the history of the latter patient a former excessive consumption of alcohol was determined. Long-term toxicity One patient developed a bacterial pneumonia with fatal outcome. He was in continuous first CR for nine months after being treated with four courses. No other significant infections were seen during the period between the cessation of therapy and initiation of salvage therapy and fludarabine.
A two-year project involving seven country teams, the LUCC case studies aimed to develop an operational methodology for monitoring LUCC over time and to identify and analyze casual factors.The project also aimed to develop a dynamic model for LUCC to predict future trends.The studies achieved two major outcomes: 1 ; improved understanding of the role of Southeast Asia in terms of global change through its influence on the global carbon cycle and the role of human dimensions causing land use change, and 2 ; the development of a solid network of scientists in the region, officially referred to as the "Southeast Asian Regional Research Information Network" or SEARRIN. SEARRIN conducts research on LUCC in an integrated science framework that includes remote sensing and GIS technology, econometric and system models, and fieldwork. [Principal Investigators: Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah Malaysia ; Email: sharifah eoc m.my, Iwan Gunawan Indonesia ; Email: iwan-g indo .id, Bobby Crisostomo Philippines ; , Chaowalit Silapathaong Thailand ; , Hoang Minh Mien Vietnam ; , Touch Vina, Prak Noma, Ek Menrith Cambodia ; , Sithong Thongmanirong Laos ; . Funding provided by: APN and USGCRP.] and focalin.
Rates in the region of 80%, 31 and possibly some prolongation of survival compared with conventional therapy.36 A more recent retrospective risk-matched comparison between patients receiving conventional treatment versus sequential high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation showed a survival benefit for the group receiving transplants, which remained significant when the analysis was restricted to patients with an unmutated IgVH gene.37 In addition, high-dose treatment leads to a significant number of molecular remissions.33, 38 However it is also increasingly apparent that the majority of patients attaining complete clinical remission after an autograft will eventually have a relapse.39 Hence, it is still not known whether autologous transplantation for CLL is associated with extended disease-free survival, at least in a proportion of patients. Although a number of studies have addressed both autologous and allogeneic transplantation in the management of younger patients with CLL, unanswered questions remain.31, 35, 40-43 Previous studies have examined autologous transplantation used as salvage therapy or published data only on patients who received an autograft. There are also concerns about the ability to mobilize adequate numbers of progenitor cells in patients with CLL, particularly after fludarabine therapy. We prospectively analyzed patients, under the age of 60, with newly diagnosed disease requiring treatment for CLL and undergoing autograft. The purpose of this study was to assess the response to fludarabine as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, to evaluate the feasibility of progenitor cell mobilization after this treatment, and finally to assess the safety and efficacy of autologous stem cell transplantation in this cohort of patients.
Fludarabine hydrochloride
Cases mostly refractory to fludarabine therapy.34 Treatment with intravenous alemtuzumab resulted in a CR 31% ; and in 6 of 40% ; patients with p53 mutations or deletions. In the CLL2H study of the GCLLSG alemtuzumab for fludarabine refractory CLL, see also dcllsg ; a high incidence 27% ; of 17p- aberrations was observed, confirming the association of this abnormality with fludarabineresistant disease Table 1 ; . An interim analysis of this ongoing prospective trial has shown a response CR or PR ; unmutated, 5 of 10 11q-, and 6 of 10 17p- cases, providing evidence from a controlled trial that alemtuzumab may be effective in CLL with 17p- p53 mutation. The observation that in a multivariate analysis 17p-, 11q-, and unmutated VH were independent adverse prognostic markers with regard to overall survival indicated that these factors may be associated with different outcomes after treatment. Support for this hypothesis requires prospective evaluation of the best currently available prognostic markers in controlled clinical trials. VH mutation status, genomic aberrations, ZAP-70, etc. are currently being evaluated in different treatment trials from which so far only preliminary data have been available.16, 27, 35 Risk Versus Benefit Evaluation of Autologous and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in CLL Autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation SCT ; are increasingly considered in the management of medically fit patients with active CLL. These procedures may confer therapeutic benefit but are also associated with considerable toxicity and cost. The efficacy of autologous SCT relies solely on the cytotoxic therapy administered. Allogeneic SCT offers the potential additional benefit of the immune-mediated graft-versusleukemia effect but also harbors the danger of graftversus-host disease. Hence, there is a need to identify prognostic factors that may help to determine whether a patient is a candidate for SCT and if an allogeneic SCT or autologous SCT should be considered. Emerging data from prospective autologous SCT trials are demonstrating safety, improved remission after transplant and long survival times. In the Medical Research Council MRC ; series the early transplantrelated mortality TRM ; was 1.5% and the 5-year overall and disease-free survival following transplantation were 77.5% and 51.5%, respectively.36 In the multicenter prospective autologous SCT study of the GCLLSG CLL3, see also dcllsg ; the TRM was 5% with a 2-year overall survival rate of 88% among 105 patients.37 This result appears promising considering the high-risk features present in the majority of patients and follistim.
Hypothesis is the observation that low dCK expression, as expected from preclinical studies showing fludarabine resistance, 33 was associated with inferior treatment outcomes in our study. Additionally, expression levels of 4 of the 7 individual genes hCNT3, dCK, CD73, and dNT-1 ; showed univariate statistical associations with TDP after fludarabine therapy when optimized cut points were used Table 3 ; . In agreement with another report, message levels of hENT1 and hENT2 were not statistically associated with fludarabine cytotoxicity.16 The most statistically significant indicator of clinical fludarabine resistance was a high level of hCNT3 expression Figure 4; Table 3 ; , with high hCNT3 expression associated with a statistically significant hazard rate for progression of 4.67, even when adjusted for optimum cut point selection. On multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis of expression levels of the 7 genes, age, stage, sex, and pretreatment lymphocyte count, the only predictor of TDP was hCNT3 HR 4.67; P .01 ; . Additionally, high hCNT3 expression was associated with a significantly lower rate of complete response to fludarabine 11% vs 69%; P .002 ; . The recently identified hCNT3 sodium-dependent transporter gene encodes an inwardly directed sodium-coupled plasma membrane nucleoside transporter.15 hCNT3 is unique among human CNTs in exhibiting a 2: 1 nucleoside coupling ratio and an ability to substitute H for Na .15 Our original hypothesis was that higher nucleoside transporter expression would lead to more efficient fludarabine intracellular and flumist.
History of Fludarabine
Fludarabine rituximab cll
Asperger syndrome london, aleve 2006, wrist ergonomics, filariasis gis thesis and testosterone undecanoate injectable. Brucellosis spine, tinea unguium more tests_diagnosis, vasoconstriction video and are brain aneurysm hereditary or formula feeding newborns and dealing with gas.
Fludarabine refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Fludarab9ne, flkdarabine, fludarrabine, fl7darabine, flydarabine, fludarabune, flduarabine, fludaarbine, fludarabie, fludadabine, gludarabine, fludaranine, fludarabihe, fkudarabine, fluxarabine, fludarabbine, fludarxbine, fludarsbine, fludarabinne, fludaeabine.
Fludarabine purine
Fludarabine storage, fludarabine treatment, fludarabine dosage, fludarabine gvhd and fludarabine drug interactions. Fludarabine structure, fludarabine hydrochloride, history of fludarabine and fludarabine rituximab cll or fludarabine refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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